Astronomy

First Proficiency

I can research the history of constellations. My research will delve into the stories and the myths associated with each constellation. I will create my own constellation either changing the story of a real constellation or creating one on my own.



• Before constellations were really taken into consideration, they consisted of curved lines. But in 1928, that changed. Astronomers changed to straight lines so that all of the constellations lines ran from north to south of east to west.
• There are more than 88 different constellations in the night sky
• The most commonly known constellations are the twelve zodiac signs. Consisting of Cancer, Aquarius, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus, Virgo, Pisces, Libra, Leo, Capricorn, Aries, and Scorpio.
• Any constellation takes its name from religious or mythological figures, legendary men or women, animals or objects.
• All f the constellations are given their name in Latin, because Latin was at that time, the language of learning.
• The ancient people named the constellations after the figure that it most resembled.
• Most of the constellations where found in the years between 1981-1989.
• Also by knowing where certain constellations are located, you can find different stars, planets, comets and meteors in the sky.

The histories behind all of the Greek myths are very complicated because they all have a different story for each constellation. Most of the names for the constellations came from god-favored (or cursed) heroes or beasts from Greek mythology. The Greeks also thought that the heavens were a solid dome for the constellations to be "fixed". They adopted the constellation myths from the sea-trading Phoenicians of the East. Now the Greeks have many myths describing each of the constellations in the night sky. Normally the name is a character that is associated with the constellation. That's the history behind the Greek myths, and how they had an effect on what the constellations name was and the story behind it.

My constellation will consist of six stars. It will make the shape of a "T' for Taylor.

Here's the story behind the new constellation I made.

In the Ancient Greece times, there was a small village called T-Town that was located somewhere near Athens. This was a small, but powerful town. It consisted of nearly 1,000 citizens, old and young. There was a reason that the town was low populated, and it was because of "The Law", which stated, "The only citizens that are allowed to live and create a life in T-town must have their first and or last name start with a T.". Many rebelled to this law, because they wanted to live in this powerful town, yet any citizens that have rebelled so far, have failed. But is there ever going to be one person that will finally get to live in T-town without having their name start with a T?

Once upon a time there was a small, poor family that lived in a village called Rotes, which was located just outside of the forbidden T-town. The family consisted of 3 people, the mom Aries, the dad Cancer, and the small child named Libra. They have forever wanted to live in the mysterious and powerful T-town, but as you can see, none of their names start with a T. They have seen family after family rebel against "The Law", but never once has one succeeded, but they were going to change that. They have been making a plan for years, but they are waiting for the right one to come along.

One day Libra was at school, she is in the 6th grade, and was researching the history being her name. They are doing a project about the meanings of everybody's names. Her results were…..

"Libra is one of the 12 zodiac signs. Libras love excitement, new situations, adventure and the unusual. They make friends with people from all walks of life and they are always up to something new and exciting with enthusiasm. Libras like to be around other people, they are all about partnerships and groups."

Libra thought to herself "Wow this really describes me, and I never knew that my parent’s names were also signs of the Zodiac signs too. Another one of the Zodiac sign names is Taurus, I wonder why my mom and dad didn't name me that, and then I would be able to live in the village of T-town." This gave Libra an idea. As soon as school got out, she ran home and told her parents all about her new discovery of the history behind her name.

Libra walks up to her mom" Mom, today we were researching the history behind our names, and Libra perfectly describes me. Loves excitement? Adventure? Unusual? That's exactly me!"

Libra's mom says" Yes I know, that's why we picked it as your name. We knew you would love it."

"I'm just wondering, why didn't you name me with a name that started with a T, so that I could live in T-town?" Libra asks.

"It wasn't until after you were born that we found out about that town, and if we could go back and change it, we would. Then you would have a lot better life than you do now."

"I'm not saying that it was a bad decision, I was just wondering. When I was doing my research, I found another Zodiac sign, but it started with a T. I wish that could have been my name, instead of Libra. Is there any way we could change our names so that we can all have names starting with a T?" Libra asks excitingly.

"I never really thought of changing our names as an option to get into T-town. I'll check with your dad tonight, and see if that's a valid suggestion. This may be what we have been waiting for." Her mom exclaims.

"Ok, hopefully this can work out! I'm going to tell everyone I know about my new idea!"

"No! Don’t do that, we don’t want the word getting around that we are going to move, because then everyone will use our idea, and T-town won’t be such a powerful village anymore. Promise me you won't?"

"Oh. I didn’t realize it was such a big deal. But yes I do promise. I need to get started on my homework now. I will talk to you later mom." Libra says as she walks up to her room.

The next few days go back really fast. Like any other day, Libra goes to school and comes home. Nothing has been different, and that has been worrying her. She told her mom about this idea over a week ago, and nothing has changed. Finally Libra comes home one day, and both her mom and dad are sitting at the kitchen table when she walks in.

Libra sits down at one of the chairs."Hi guys. What's going on?"

"This is the day we have all been waiting for, we get to all legally change our names to a name that starts with a T. This means that we have been accepted into T-town. We are finally going to get to live the way we want." Libra's mom says excitingly.

"Seriously? I'm so excited! When do we get to move? What are our names going to be?"

"Settle down Libra. We are moving in about 2 days, and you can change your name to whatever you want it to be, obviously as long as it starts with a T of course." Libra's dad says.

“ I think I have an idea about my name. But it's homework time. Bye" Libra says as she walks upstairs.

Libra knows exactly what she wants her name to be, Taurus. One of the 12 zodiac signs. She wants it to be Taurus because she wants to keep the main idea of her name being one of the signs, but it will just have a different meaning. The next day while her teacher isn't watching, Libra looks up the meaning of Taurus just so she has some basic information of her new name. This is what she comes up with…

Taurus is not the one who ventures out into the unknown and leads the way, Taurus is the one that will follow the leader and strengthen and build upon the discovered.

She also thinks that this one describes her well, so she's excited about having this be her new name.

Today is the day that Libra and her family are moving to T-town. Everything in her house is in boxes, and she's ready to go. They arrive and everything is so different compared to her old town. New everything. Her first week goes great and their family is getting used to everything. Libra's name changed to Taurus and her parents names are now Tee and Too.

T-Town was a very special and different town, and went down in history. Taurus's family was the last family to move in because all of the houses were taken up and there was no land left. Their family lived happily ever, and grew old in T-Town. Once T-Town was gone, everyone could always remember it by the small constellation in the sky in the shape of a "T". So whenever you look up into the sky and see that constellation, you know what and where it came from. And that's the story behind the ever so great, "T" constellation.

Citations

"Constellations." JIM KALER. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2011.

"The history of constellations." Essortment Articles: Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education & More... N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2011.

Bayer., Johann. "Constellations, history, identification." Mallorca @ MallorcaWeb: Mallorca travel and local guide (map, pictures, accommodation,.... N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2011.

Second Proficiency
Galaxies




Bibliography

"APOD: 2007 April 18 - Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672 ." Astronomy Picture of the Day. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap070418
"case files." fi.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/hubble/.

"FundAlarm - Highlights & Commentary - (Updated 1st of Each Month)." FundAlarm-Updated 1st of Each Month. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://www.fundalarm.com/arc1208

"galactic carousel." Mail Colonel. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/galactic%20caruosel.htm.

"Galileo Galilei." media.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_Galilei.jpg >.
"Milky Way Galaxy." Mac OS X Server. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast122
own, sorting these images into "spiral galaxies" (like our. "Scientists ask public to help sort galaxies | Mail Online." Home | Mail Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-467724/Scientists-ask-public-help-sort-galaxies.html.
"Sagittarius A." Universe Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. http://www.universetoday.com/39828/sagittarius-a/.

Third Proficiency




Bibliography

"Differences between the Inner and Outer Planets - Bob the Alien's Tour ofthe Solar System ." Bob the Alien's Tour of the Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://www.bobthealien.co.uk/innerouter
" Google Image Result for http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Keplers_supernova.jpg/300px-Keplers_supernova.jpg." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Keplers_supernova.jpg/300px-Keplers_supernova.jpg&imgrefurl

"How Was the Solar System Formed." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-was-the-solar-system-formed.html>.

"Space." MWCS - Home of the YellowJackets. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2011. <http://163.153.62.5/faculty/tdashnaw

Fourth Proficiency
Meteors, Moons, Comets, and Asteroids Animoto



Bibliography
"ASTRONOMY :: CELESTIAL BODIES :: MOON :: PHASES OF THE MOON image - Visual Dictionary Online." Visual Dictionary Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://visual.merriam-webster.com/astronomy/celestial-bodies/moon/phases-moon.php>.

"Arecibo Radar Discovers Triple Near-Earth Asteroid." Arecibo Observatory Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/

"Assignment 4: Our Solar System - ScienceClass." ScienceClass. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://scienceclass.ning.com/profiles

"Asteroid, Comet and Meteor Facts." Kid's Cosmos-Science Resources for Teachers and Students. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.kidscosmos.org/kid-stuff/asteroid-facts.html>.

Category. "The Sun - Visual Tour of the Solar System - The Sun." Space & Astronomy at About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://space.about.com/od/solarsystem

"DOLORES GENDE: SpaceQuest A COMET'S TALE." Dolores Gende: Physics Quests. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://physicsquest.homestead.com

Freudenrich, Craig, and Ph.D.. "HowStuffWorks "How the Moon Works"." HowStuffWorks - Learn How Everything Works!. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.howstuffworks.com/

"Lunar Phases - Patience Divination." Patience Divination. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.patiencedivination.com/lunar-phases>.

"Millennium Ark: Hot News." Stan Deyo / Millennium-Ark. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.standeyo.com/NEWS

"Neil Armstrong Had a Secret... (That's my story...and I'm stickin' to it!)." Slow Travel, vacation rentals, villas, reviews, Europe travel guide (Italy, France, England). N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.slowtrav.com/blog/

"The Utah Skies Report | Planetary Report | Constellation Report | Astronomical Events." Utah Skies | Bringing the Joys of Astronomy to the Public Through Awareness, Advocacy, and Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.utahskies.org/rep

Vilov, Goran. "The phases of the moon - a gallery on Flickr." Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bunnyfrogs

eye, simply viewing with the naked, and one can discern. "The Moon." Views of the Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.solarviews.com/eng/
5th Proficiency
I can identify key technological advancements that helped in making our knowledge of space expand. My research will show the past, but I will also predict what future advancements may stretch our limits even more.

Technological advancements in space have gotten us to where we are now. We wouldn’t have as much information if it wasn’t for all of the technology that we use. The Hubble Space Telescope is one example, and so are the Apollo missions. These are just a few of the types of technology that we have used to better advance ourselves with space. If it wasn’t for some of these advancements, we wouldn’t have anywhere near as much knowledge as we do today.

The Hubble Space Telescope was one key technological advancement in space. It produces pictures, and startles us with new information every day. It wasn’t the first space telescope invented, but it has been the most useful research tool so far. Space telescopes were first founded in 1923, but the Hubble wasn’t founded until 1970. It later took off from the Space shuttle Discovery on April 25, 1990. This year will be the 20th anniversary of the Hubble. It’s uncovered so many mysteries, and was one of the most successful observatories in the world. It continues to stun us with new information, and should one day surprise us with something out of this world.

Another technological advancement was the Apollo missions. The goal for these missions was to land humans on the moon and bring them safely back to Earth, and only 6 successfully accomplished this goal. The six brought back a lot of scientific data, and close to 400 kilograms of lunar samples. This all started back when President John F. Kennedy had the goal of sending astronauts to the moon. He announced this on May, 25, 1961. After 8 long years, they finally achieved this goal when Neil Armstrong stepped foot on the moon, on July 20, 1969. The last Apollo mission that came back successful was December of 1972. Since the first successful mission was so important in space history, Apollo 11(first successful mission) is displayed at the National Air and Space Museum where everyone can see it. This way everyone is able to see one of the most historical pieces of our history.

In the future, they expect to use technology to make advancements in space too. They plan to try and create a fission spacecraft, which is said to use technology to its best. This spacecraft is capable of reaching high speeds due to the uranium, which is a very light fuel. This is only a possibility, but there is endless time to create more technological advancements. Only time will tell what new technologies will be created, and how we will use these new advancements. Once these new advancements actually work, the space technology will affect the lives of people all around the world. It will change so many things, and give everyone many opportunities that they never thought that they would have.
Technology has changed our knowledge of space by so much, and has given us much to think about. The advancements in the past have provided us with so much information, but what’s to come is only to get better. As years go by, we learn more and more about different technologies. So if you think about it, the more time we have to think of new advancements, the better they will be, and the more in depth the information we will receive will be. Overall, technology has changed our lives in so many different ways, and it will only change it even more as time goes on.

Bibliography

"Apollo 11 Home." Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. <http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections

"NASA - Apollo." NASA - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. <http://www.nasa.gov/mission
"NASA spinoffs, space benefits, space history, NASA space spinoffs, NASA technology products." Space history, education, space collectibles, astronaut autographs, space memorabilia, NASA spinoffs, astronaut autographed collectibles. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. <http://www.thespaceplace.com